The Aenied - Shane Lorien

§1 — Verse 1

[Eng] But the queen, long since smitten with a grievous love-pang, feeds the wound with her lifeblood, and is wasted with fire unseen. Oft to her mind rushes back the hero’s valour, oft his glorious stock; his looks and words cling fast to her bosom, and longing withholds calm rest from her limbs.

[中] 女王狄多早已被一场剧烈的相思病折磨，以鲜血喂养伤口，在无形的火焰中渐渐枯萎。英雄的勇武、高贵的血脉，屡屡涌入她的脑海；他的音容笑貌紧紧抓住她的心房，渴望让她无法获得片刻安宁。

[Notes]

grievous love-pang: 剧烈的爱情痛苦——古典文学中 amor ut morbus（爱情如疾病）的隐喻。
fire unseen: 无形的火，暗指爱情之火（secretum ignem），狄多内心的激情在暗中吞噬她。

§6 — Verse 6

[Eng] The morrow’s dawn was lighting the earth with the lamp of Phoebus, and had scattered from the sky the dewy shades, when, much distraught, she thus speaks to her sister, sharer of her heart: “Anna, my sister, what dreams thrill me with fears? Who is this stranger guest who has entered our home? How noble his mien! How brave in heart and feats of arms! I believe it well – nor is my confidence vain – that he is sprung from gods. It is fear that proves souls base-born. Alas! by what fates is he vexed! What wars, long endured, did he recount! Were the purpose not planted in my mind, fixed and immovable, to ally myself with none in bond of wedlock, since my first love, turning traitor, cheated me by death; were I not tired of the bridal bed and torch, to this one fault, perhaps, I might have yielded! Anna – for I will own it– since the death of my hapless lord Sychaeus, and the shattering of our home by a brother’s murder, he alone has swayed my will and overthrown my tottering soul. I feel again a spark of that former flame. But rather, I would pray, may earth yawn for me to its depths, or may the Almighty Father hurl me with his bolt to the shades – the pale shades and abysmal night in Erebus – before, Shame, I violate you or break your laws! He who first linked me to himself has taken away my heart; may he keep it with him, and guard it in the grave!” So saying, she filled her breast with upwelling tears.

[中] 次日黎明，福波斯（阿波罗）的灯盏照亮大地，驱散了天空中的露水薄雾。此时，心神大乱的狄多对她的心腹姐妹说道：“安娜，我的妹妹，什么梦境让我恐惧战栗？这位陌生的客人是谁，进入了我们的家门？他的仪态多么高贵！他的心胸和武艺多么勇敢！我相信——我的信心不会落空——他是神祇的后裔。唯有怯懦才会让人出身低微。唉！他被什么样的命运折磨着！他讲述了多少长期忍受的战事！如果我心中没有立下坚定不移的目的——自从第一次爱情被背叛致死之后，不再与任何人缔结婚姻的枷锁——如果我对婚床和婚烛不感到厌倦，也许我会屈服于这一个过失！安娜——我要坦白承认——自从我不幸的丈夫西凯厄斯死去，自从兄弟的谋杀摧毁了我的家园，只有他一人左右了我的意志，推翻了我摇摇欲坠的灵魂。我又感觉到了昔日火焰的一丝火星。但我宁愿祈求大地在我脚下裂开深渊，或者万能的父亲用闪电将我打入冥界——苍白阴暗的厄瑞玻斯深渊——也不愿在你，羞耻女神面前违背你的法则！他第一个将我的心夺走，就让他带着我的心，守护它在坟墓里吧！“说着，她胸中涌出泪水。

[Notes]

Phoebus: 福波斯，阿波罗的别称，意为”光明者”。
Sychaeus: 西凯厄斯，狄多的第一任丈夫，被其兄皮格马利翁谋杀。见典故#1。
Erebus: 厄瑞玻斯，希腊神话中的幽冥界，黑暗之地。
Shame: 羞耻（Pudicitia），罗马美德女神。狄多强调自己对亡夫立下的贞洁誓言。

批注: 狄多陷入爱情。

§31 — Verse 31

[Eng] Anna replies: “O you who are dearer to your sister than the light, are you, lonely and sad, going to pine away all your youth long, and know not sweet children or love’s rewards? Do you think that dust or buried shades give heed to that? Grant that until now no wooers moved your sorrow, not in Libya, not before then in Tyre; that Iarbas was slighted, and other lords whom the African land, rich in triumphs, rears; will you wrestle also with a love that pleases? And does it not come to your mind whose lands you have settled in? On this side Gaetulian cities, a race invincible in war, unbridled Numidians, and the unfriendly Syrtis hem you in; on that side lies a tract barren with drought, and Barcaeans, raging far and wide. Why speak of the wars rising from Tyre, your brother’s threats … ? I certainly believe that it was with the gods’ favour and Juno’s aid that the Ilian ships held their course hither with the wind. What a city you will see rise here, my sister, what a realm, by reason of such a marriage! With Teucrian arms beside us, to what heights will Punic glory soar? Only ask favour of the gods and, with sacrifice duly offered, be lavish with your welcome, and weave pleas for delay, while at sea winter rages fiercely and Orion is stormy – while the ships are shattered, and the skies intractable!”

[中] 安娜回答说：“啊，你比妹妹的生命还珍贵，难道你要在孤独悲伤中耗尽青春，不知儿女之乐的甜美、爱情的回报吗？你以为尘土和埋在地下的亡灵会在乎这些吗？就算至今没有求婚者打动你的悲伤——无论是在利比亚还是在提尔——就算你拒绝了亚尔巴斯，拒绝了非洲这片富饶土地上养育的其他领主们；难道你也要拒绝一段令人倾心的爱情吗？难道你想不起你们定居在怎样的土地上吗？这边有盖图利人的城市——一个战无不胜的民族，还有桀骜不驯的努米底亚人和不友善的锡尔提斯浅滩包围着你；那边是干旱贫瘠的土地和四处肆虐的巴尔凯人。何必再说起来自提尔的战事和你兄弟的威胁呢……我深信，是众神的恩赐和朱诺的帮助，使得伊利昂的船只乘风来到了这里。妹妹啊，你将看到一座城市在这里崛起，一个王国将因这段婚姻而诞生！有了特乌克里安人的武力作盟友，布匿的光辉将升到怎样的高度？只需向神明祈愿，献上适当的牺牲，慷慨地接待他们，趁冬天在海面上肆虐、猎户座带来风暴——船只破碎、天空不可预测的时候——编织拖延的理由吧！”

[Notes]

Iarbas: 亚尔巴斯，北非部落首领，曾向狄多求婚被拒。见典故#7。
Gaetulian / Numidian / Syrtis / Barcaeans: 均为北非地理名词。迦太基四面受困——西边是野蛮部落，东边是沙漠。
Punic: 布匿的，指迦太基人（腓尼基殖民地）。“布匿战争”即罗马与迦太基之间的战争。
Orion: 猎户座，冬季星象，标志暴风雨季节。

思考题：Anna从哪几方面替姐姐分析？

§54 — Verse 54

[Eng] With these words she fanned into flame the queen’s love-enkindled heart, put hope in her wavering mind, and loosed the bonds of shame. First they visit the shrines and sue for peace at every altar; duly they slay chosen sheep to Ceres the law-giver, to Phoebus and father Lyaeus, above all to Juno, guardian of the bonds of marriage. Dido herself, matchless in beauty, with cup in hand, pours libation midway between the horns of a white heifer, or in presence of the gods moves slowly to the rich altars, and day by day renews her gifts, then, gazing into the opened breasts of victims, consults the quivering entrails. Ah, the blind souls of seers! Of what avail are vows or shrines to one wild with love? All the while the flame devours her tender heartstrings, and deep in her breast lives the silent wound. Unhappy Dido burns, and through the city wanders in frenzy – even as a hind, smitten by an arrow, which, all unwary, amid the Cretan woods, a shepherd hunting with darts has pierced from afar, leaving in her the winged steel, unknowing: she in flight ranges the Dictaean woods and glades, but fast to her side clings the deadly shaft. Now through the city’s midst she leads Aeneas with her, and displays her Sidonian wealth and the city built; she begins to speak and stops with the word half-spoken. Now, as day wanes, she seeks that same banquet, again in her madness craves to hear the sorrows of Ilium and again hangs on the speaker’s lips. Then when all have gone their ways, and in turn the dim moon sinks her light, and the setting stars invite sleep, alone she mourns in the empty hall, and falls on the couch he has left. Though absent, each from each, she hears him, she sees him, or, captivated by his look of his father, she holds Ascanius on her lap, in case she may beguile a passion beyond all utterance. No longer rise the towers begun, no longer do the youth exercise in arms, or toil at havens or bulwarks for safety in war; the works are broken off and idle – great menacing walls and cranes that touch the sky.注意此段中的比喻，有何意味？哪几句描写最打动你？

[中] 这些话点燃了女王心中已萌动的爱情之火，在摇摆不定的心灵中种下希望，解开了羞耻的枷锁。她们首先去拜访神庙，在每个祭坛前祈求和平；按规定向立法者刻瑞斯、福波斯和酒神之父献祭羔羊，尤其向婚姻守护者朱诺献祭。狄多本人，美丽无与伦比，手持酒杯，在白色母牛犄角之间倾倒奠酒，或在众神面前缓缓走向富丽的祭坛，日复一日更新她的礼物，然后凝视被剖开的祭牲胸膛，观察颤抖的内脏。啊，盲目的先知之魂！对一个被爱情疯狂吞噬的人，誓言和神庙有什么用？与此同时，火焰吞噬着她柔嫩的心弦，无声的创伤深藏在她的心房。不幸的狄多在燃烧，在城中疯狂徘徊——就像一头母鹿，被一支箭射中，毫无防备地，在克里特的树林中，一个用飞镖狩猎的牧羊人从远处射中了它，留下带翼的铁矢，而她浑然不觉：她在逃亡中穿越狄克泰安的树林和林间空地，但致命的箭矢紧贴在身上。现在她带着埃涅阿斯穿过城中，展示她西顿式的财富和建成的城市；她开始说话，却说到一半就停住了。当白昼渐晚，她又在那场宴会中寻觅，再次在她的疯狂中渴求听到伊利昂的悲歌，再次悬挂在说话者的唇边。然后当所有人都离去，月亮沉下她的光芒，落星的星光邀请睡眠之时，她独自在大厅中哀悼，倒在他留下的沙发上。虽然彼此分离，她听见他，看见他，或者被他父亲的面容所吸引，她把阿斯卡尼乌斯抱在膝上，以防她可以欺骗一种无法言说的激情。 begun 的塔楼不再升起，年轻人不再练习武艺，也不再为港口或战争中的堡垒劳作；工程中断了——巨大的城墙和触及天空的起重机都闲置了。

[Notes]

Ceres: 刻瑞斯，农业与法律女神。
Lyaeus: 吕埃乌斯，狄俄尼索斯（酒神）的别称。
libation: 奠酒，古代宗教仪式中向神明倾倒液体的行为。
entrails: 内脏。古代占卜师通过观察祭牲内脏预测未来。
hind: 母鹿。这个比喻暗示狄多像一只受伤的猎物，美丽而脆弱，注定无法逃脱。
Dictaean: 狄克泰安的，克里特岛的一座圣山。
Sidonian: 西顿的，腓尼基城市，迦太基的母邦。
Ascanius: 阿斯卡尼乌斯，埃涅阿斯之子，后命名为尤卢斯，是罗马尤利乌斯家族的始祖。

§90 — Verse 90

[Eng] Soon as the loved wife of Jove saw that Dido was held in a passion so fatal, and that her good name was now no bar to her frenzy, the daughter of Saturn accosts Venus thus: “Splendid indeed is the praise and rich the spoils you win, you and your boy; mighty and glorious is the power divine, if one woman is subdued by the guile of two gods! Nay, it escapes me not how, in fear of our city, you have held in suspicion the homes of high Carthage. But what shall be the end? And what is the point of all this contest now? Why do we not rather strive for an enduring peace and a plighted wedlock? What you sought with all your heart you have; Dido is on fire with love and has drawn the madness through her veins. Let us then rule this people jointly with equal sovereignty; let her serve a Phrygian husband and yield her Tyrians to your power as dowry!”

[中] 朱庇特所钟爱的妻子（朱诺）很快发现狄多被一种致命的激情所控制，而且她的好名声已不再是疯狂的限制。土星之女于是这样对维纳斯说：“你和你儿子赢得了多么辉煌的赞美和丰富的战利品啊；如果一个女人被两个神明的诡计所征服，神圣的力量是多么强大和荣耀！我也没有忘记，出于对我们城市（罗马）的恐惧，你对高耸的迦太基心存疑虑。但这一切将如何收场？这场争斗还有什么意义？我们为何不努力追求持久的和平和确定的婚姻呢？你所渴求的一切已经得到了；狄多正为爱燃烧，疯狂已流入她的血管。那么让我们共同统治这个民族，拥有平等的权力；让她服务于一个弗吕西亚的丈夫，并将她的提尔人作为嫁妆交给你的力量！”

[Notes]

wife of Jove / daughter of Saturn: 均指朱诺（赫拉）。她是朱庇特的姐姐兼妻子，土神萨图恩的女儿。
guile: 诡计。朱诺在此讽刺维纳斯用两个女神的计谋征服了一个女人。
Phrygian: 弗吕西亚的，指特洛伊人（弗吕西亚是小亚细亚地区）。

§105 — Verse 105

[Eng] To her – for she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken, to turn the empire from Italy to Libya’s shores – Venus thus began in reply: “Who so mad as to refuse such terms, or prefer to strive against you in war, as long as Fortune favour the fulfilment of your word? But the Fates send me adrift, uncertain whether Jupiter wills that there be one city for the Tyrians and the wanderers from Troy, or approves the blending of peoples and the league of union. You are his wife; it is lawful for you to try to persuade his heart with entreaty. Go on; I will follow!” Then queenly Juno thus replied: “With me shall rest that task. Now in what way the present purpose can be achieved, hearken and I will explain in brief. Aeneas and unhappy Dido plan to go hunting together in the forest, as soon as tomorrow’s sun shows his rising and with his rays unveils the world. On them, while the hunters run to and fro and gird the glades with nets, I will pour down from above a black rain mingled with hail, and wake the whole welkin with thunder. The company shall scatter and be veiled in gloom of night; to the same cave shall come Dido and the Trojan chief. I will be there and, if I can be sure of your good will, will link them in sure wedlock, sealing her for his own; this shall be their bridal!” Yielding to her suit, the Cytherean gave assent and smiled at the guile discovered.朱诺和维纳斯谋划勾结。

[中] 维纳斯知道朱诺是假意说话——目的是将帝国从意大利转移到利比亚海岸——于是这样回答：“谁疯了会拒绝这样的条件，或者宁愿在战争中与你争斗，只要命运支持你话语的实现？但命运让我漂泊不定，不确定朱庇特是否愿意让提尔人和特洛伊流浪者成为一座城市的居民，或者是否批准民族的融合和联盟的结合。你是他的妻子；你有权利尝试用恳求来说服他的心。去吧；我会跟随！“然后高贵的朱诺回答说：“这项任务交给我。现在，实现当前目的的方式是什么，听我说，我将简要解释。埃涅阿斯和不幸的狄多计划在森林里一起打猎，就在明天太阳升起、用他的光线揭开世界的时候。当猎人们跑来跑去、用网围住林间空地时，我将从上面倾泻下混合着冰雹的黑雨，用雷霆唤醒整个天空。人群将散去，被黑夜的阴郁笼罩；狄多和特洛伊首领将进入同一个洞穴。我会在那里，如果我能确定你的善意，就将他们牢固地联结在婚姻中，将她永远属于他；这将是他们的婚礼！“维纳斯同意了她的请求，西忒瑞亚人欣然应允，并对这被揭穿的诡计微微一笑。

[Notes]

Cytherean: 西忒瑞亚的，维纳斯的别称（以她的出生地塞浦路斯岛上的基塞拉山命名）。
朱诺的阴谋: 利用暴风雨迫使两人在同一个洞穴中避难，从而造成”事实婚姻”的既成事实。这是古典文学中最著名的计谋之一。

§129 — Verse 129

[Eng] Meanwhile Dawn rose and left the ocean. When sunlight has burst forth, there issues from the gates a chosen band of youth; with meshed nets, toils, broad-pointed hunting spears, there stream forth Massylian horsemen and their strong, keen-scented hounds. As the queen lingers in her bower, the Punic princes await her at the doorway; her prancing steed stands brilliant in purple and gold, and proudly champs the foaming bit. At last she comes forth, attended by a mighty throng, and clad in a Sidonian robe with embroidered border. Her quiver is of gold, her tresses are knotted into gold, a buckle of gold clasps her purple cloak. With her pace a Phrygian train and joyous Iulus. Aeneas himself, goodly beyond all others, advances to join her and unites his band with hers. As when Apollo quits Lycia, his winter home, and the streams of Xanthus, to visit his mother’s Delos, and renews the dance, while mingling about his altars Cretans and Dryopes and painted Agathyrsians raise their voices – he himself treads the Cynthian ridges, and with soft foliage shapes and binds his flowing locks, braiding it with golden diadem; the shafts rattle on his shoulders: so no less lightly than he went Aeneas, such beauty shines forth from his noble face! When they came to the mountain heights and pathless lairs, wild goats dislodged from the rocky peaks ran down the ridges; in another part stags scurry across the open moors and amid clouds of dust mass their bands in flight, as they leave the hills behind. But in the midst of the valleys the young Ascanius glories in his fiery steed, galloping past now these, now those, and prays that amid the timorous herds a foaming boar may be granted to his vows or a tawny lion come down from the mountain.黎明来临，众人身着华服，进入森林，准备狩猎。

[中] 黎明升起，离开了海洋。当阳光洒下，一支精选的青年队伍从城门涌出；带着有网眼的渔网、猎具、宽尖的猎矛，马西利亚的骑兵和他们敏锐的猎犬纷纷奔涌而出。女王还在闺房中徘徊，腓尼基贵族们在门口等候她；她的骏马披着紫金色的华服，骄傲地嚼着口沫翻飞的衔铁。终于，在一群庞大随从的陪伴下，她走了出来，身穿饰有刺绣边的西顿长袍。她的箭筒是金的，头发用金丝束起，金扣环住她的紫色斗篷。和她一起的有弗里吉亚的随从和快乐的伊卢斯。埃涅阿斯本人，在所有人中最出色，走上前与她汇合，将他的队伍与她的合为一队。就像阿波罗离开利西亚——他的冬季家园——和珊托斯河的溪流，去拜访他母亲的神殿提洛岛，重续舞蹈，而在他的祭坛旁，克里特人、德律俄普斯人和彩绘的阿加提尔赛人齐声歌唱——他本人踏着辛托斯山的山脊，用柔嫩的枝叶梳理和束起他飘逸的长发，用金冠编缀其中；箭筒在肩上咯咯作响：他走起来如此轻捷，他高贵的面容上闪耀着如此的美丽！当他们来到山巅和无路可寻的野兽栖息地时，从岩石山峰上惊起的野山羊沿着山脊奔下；在另一处，雄鹿们在开阔的荒原上奔跑，在尘土飞扬中聚集起队伍逃跑，远远地将山峦抛在身后。但在山谷中央，年轻的阿斯卡尼乌斯在他的烈马上自豪地驰骋，从这些和那些之间穿过，祈求在胆小的鹿群中出现一只口吐白沫的野猪作为他的誓言的回应，或者一只金黄色的狮子从山上走下来。

[Notes]

Massylian: 毛西里安人，北非马西利亚王国的居民。
Sidonian robe: 西顿长袍。西顿是腓尼基的母邦，紫色染料（泰尔紫）的世界著名产地。
Apollo / Lycia / Delos / Xanthus / Cynthian: 均指阿波罗。利西亚是他的冬季圣地，提洛岛是他的出生地，珊托斯河流经利西亚，辛托斯山是他在基提拉山上的圣地。这段描写将埃涅阿斯比作太阳神，极言其仪表堂堂。
Ascanius / Iulus: 阿斯卡尼乌斯，后称伊卢斯，是尤利乌斯家族的祖先。

赏析：体会这一部分的色彩和温度。如果是音乐剧，该是什么样的音乐？

§160 — Verse 160

[Eng] Meanwhile in the sky begins the turmoil of a wild uproar; rain follows, mingled with hail. The scattered Tyrian train and the Trojan youth, with the Dardan grandson of Venus, in their fear seek shelter here and there over the fields; torrents rush down from the heights. To the same cave come Dido and the Trojan chief. Primal Earth and nuptial Juno give the sign; fires flashed in Heaven, the witness to their bridal, and on the mountaintop screamed the Nymphs. That day the first of death, the first of calamity was cause. For no more is Dido swayed by fair show or fair fame, no more does she dream of a secret love: she calls it marriage and with that name veils her sin.如朱诺所计划，天空开始下雨，夹杂着冰雹。这一天见证了狄多的婚姻，也是狄多不幸的开始。

[中] 就在这时，天空中开始了一场狂野的混乱；暴雨随之而来，夹杂着冰雹。四散的提尔队伍和特洛伊青年，连同维纳斯的外孙达耳达努斯后裔，在恐惧中奔向田野各处躲避；洪流从高处倾泻而下。狄多和特洛伊首领进入同一个洞穴。原始的地球和新娘朱诺发出了信号；天上燃起了火焰，作为他们婚礼的见证，山巅上仙女们尖声呐喊。那一天，死亡的第一天，灾祸的根源由此开始。因为狄多不再被美好的表象或声誉所打动，不再幻想隐藏的爱情了：她称之为婚姻，用这个名字掩盖她的罪。

[Notes]

Primal Earth: 原始大地（Terra/盖亚），神话中最早诞生的神祇之一。
nuptial Juno: 新婚之神朱诺。此处暗指朱诺作为婚姻守护者的神格。
Nymphs: 仙女们。在山巅尖叫，暗示这场婚姻违背自然秩序，注定不祥。

§198 — Verse 198

[Eng] He, the son of Hammon by a ravished Garamantian Nymph, set up to Jupiter in his broad realms a hundred vast temples, a hundred altars, and had hallowed the wakeful fire, the eternal sentry of the gods. The ground was fat with the blood of beasts and the portals bloomed with varied garlands. Distraught in mind and fired with the bitter tale, they say, before the altars and amid the divine presences he often besought Jove in prayer with upturned hands: “Almighty Jupiter, to whom now the Moorish race, feasting on embroidered couches, pour a Lenaean offering, do you see these things? Is it vainly, father, that we shudder at you, when you hurl your thunderbolts? And do aimless fires amid the clouds terrify our souls and stir murmurs void of purpose? This woman who, straying in our bounds, set up a tiny city at a price, to whom we gave coastland to plough and terms of tenure, has spurned my offers of marriage, and welcomed Aeneas into her realm as lord. And now that Paris with his eunuch train, his chin and perfumed locks bound with a Lydian turban, grasps the spoil; while we bring offerings to your temples, yours forsooth, and cherish an idle story.”求婚者雅尔巴斯王去质问朱庇特为什么准许了狄多和埃涅阿斯的爱情。

[中] 他，哈蒙神与一名被掳走的毛西里安仙女之子，在哈蒙广阔的统治区内为朱庇特建立了上百座宏伟的神庙、上百座祭坛，并 consecrated 了那永恒的哨兵之火——永不熄灭的神明守望之火。土地上满是牲畜的血，门扉上缀满各种花环。心神恍惚、被这个苦涩的消息点燃的亚尔巴斯，据说常在祭坛前、在神圣的临在之中举起双手向朱庇特祈祷：“万能的朱庇特，如今摩尔人种族坐在绣花沙发上，向您敬献酒神祭品，您看见这些事情了吗？父亲啊，我们战栗于您面前是徒然的吗？当您掷出闪电时，我们战栗是徒然的吗？云中的无目的之火恐吓我们的灵魂，激起毫无意义的流言吗？这个女人，在我们的边境上漂泊，用一点代价建立起一座小城，我们给了她可以耕种的海岸和居住权，她却拒绝了我的求婚，将埃涅阿斯引入她的国度作为主人。如今巴黎带着他的太监随从、下巴和 Perfumed 的头发裹着吕底亚头巾，掌控着战利品；而我们却向您的神庙献祭——您的神庙——守护着一个空洞的故事。”

[Notes]

Hammon: 哈蒙，北非的宙斯崇拜的本地神名。亚尔巴斯自称哈蒙神与仙女之子，暗示其神圣血统。见典故#7。
Lenaean: 酒神的（以酒神狄俄尼索斯的别名 Lenaean 命名）。
Paris: 巴黎，特洛伊王子，因抢夺海伦引发特洛伊战争。这里亚尔巴斯暗指埃涅阿斯如同巴黎——一个掠夺他人国土的男人。
亚尔巴斯质问朱庇特: 见典故#7。亚尔巴斯是北非本地统治者，他的诉求代表了迦太基周边民族对腓尼基殖民者的不满。

§219 — Verse 219

[Eng] As with such words he pleaded, clasping the altars, the Almighty gave ear and turned his eyes on the royal city and the lovers forgetful of their nobler fame. Then thus to Mercury he speaks and gives this charge: “Go forth, my son, call the Zephyrs, glide on they wings, and speak to the Dardan chief, who now at Carthage is looking forward to Tyrian cities, unmindful of those granted him by the Fates; so carry down my words through the swift winds. Not such as this did his lovely mother promise him to us, nor for this twice rescue him from Grecian arms; but he it was who should rule Italy, a land teeming with empire and clamorous with war, hand on a race from Teucer’s noble blood, and bring all the world beneath his laws. If the glory of such a fortune fires him not and for his own fame’s sake he shoulders not the burden, does he, the father, grudge Ascanius the towers of Rome? What is his plan? In what hope does he tarry among a hostile people and pays no heed to Ausonia’s race and the Lavinian fields? Let him set sail; this is the sum; be this the message from me. 宙斯降下命令。

[中] 当这样说着，抱着祭坛，万能的上帝倾听着，将目光转向这座皇家城市和忘掉了更高声誉的恋人。于是他对墨丘利说并下了这道命令：“去吧，我的儿子，召集西风，在你的翅膀上滑行，向达耳达努斯首领说话，他现在在迦太基正期待着提尔人的城市，忘却了命运赐予他的东西；所以通过飞速的风把我的话带下去。他美丽的母亲没有向我们承诺这样的结局，也没有为此两次从希腊人的手中救出他；但他应该统治意大利——一个充满帝国和战争喧嚣的土地，从特乌克罗斯高贵血统中传承下来的种族，并将整个世界置于他的法律之下。如果如此荣耀的命运没有点燃他，如果他不是为自己的名誉而肩负起重担，难道他的父亲会吝惜阿斯卡尼乌斯罗马的塔楼吗？他的计划是什么？他在怎样的希望中停留在一个敌对的民族中间，不顾奥佐尼亚的种族和拉维尼乌姆的田野？让他启航；这就是全部；这是我的消息。”

[Notes]

Zephyrs: 西风。墨丘利作为神的信使，驾驭着风来传达朱庇特的命令。
Ascanius: 阿斯卡尼乌斯，埃涅阿斯的儿子，罗马城的真正奠基者（通过他的后代罗慕路斯）。
Ausonia / Lavinian fields: 奥佐尼亚和拉维尼乌姆的田野，均指意大利南部。这是朱庇特对埃涅阿斯使命的重申。
宙斯降下命令: 原文中文批注。朱庇特代表天命（fatum），是整部史诗中推动情节的最高力量。

§238 — Verse 238

[Eng] He ceased. The god made ready to obey his mighty father’s bidding, and first binds on his feet the golden shoes which carry him upborne on wings over seas or land, swift as the gale. Then he takes his wand; with this he calls pale ghosts from Orcus and sends others down to gloomy Tartarus, gives or takes away sleep and unseals eyes in death; relying on this, he drives the winds and skims the stormy clouds. And now in flight he descries the peak and steep sides of toiling Atlas, who props heaven on his peak – Atlas, whose pine-wreathed head is ever girt with black clouds, and beaten with wind and rain; fallen snow mantles his shoulders while rivers plunge down the aged chin and his rough beard is stiff with ice. Here,posed on even wings, the Cyllenian first halted; hence with his whole frame he sped sheer down to the waves like a bird, which round the shores, round the fish-haunted cliffs, flies low near to the waters. Even thus between earth and sky flew Cyllene’s nursling to Libya’s sandy shore, and cut the winds, coming from his mother’s sire.

[中] 他停下了。神准备服从他强大父亲的命令，首先将金色的鞋绑在脚上——这双鞋带着他在海上或陆地上像风一样飞速滑行。然后他拿起他的魔杖；凭借它，他召唤俄耳库斯（冥界）中苍白的幽灵，将其他幽灵送入阴暗的塔尔塔罗斯，给予或剥夺睡眠，打开死亡之眼；凭借它，他驾驭风，掠过暴风雨的云层。现在在飞行中，他看见了辛劳的阿特拉斯的高峰和陡峭的侧面，他用肩膀支撑着天空——阿特拉斯，他的松树环绕的头永远被黑云缠绕，被风雨拍打；飘落的雪覆盖了他的肩膀，河流从他年老的下巴流下，他粗糙的胡须结满了冰。在这里，平稳地展开翅膀，西连尼亚人（墨丘利）首先停了下来；从这里，他用整个身体像一只鸟一样直接冲向海浪——鸟儿沿着海岸、围绕着鱼群栖息的悬崖，在水面附近低飞。就这样，在天地之间，西连纽斯的孩子（墨丘利）飞过利比亚的沙岸，切断了风，从他母亲的外祖父（阿特拉斯）的方向而来。

[Notes]

golden shoes: 墨丘利的神鞋（talaria），能让他像风一样飞行。见词汇表。
wand: 墨丘利的魔杖（caduceus），能召唤亡灵、赐予或剥夺睡眠。
Atlas: 阿特拉斯，擎天神，被宙斯惩罚用肩膀支撑天空。墨丘利途经他的山峰。见典故#9。
Cyllene / Cyllenian: 西连山，墨丘利的出生地。见词汇表。

§259 — Verse 259

[Eng] As soon as with winged feet he reached the huts, he sees Aeneas founding towers and building new houses. And his sword was starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak hung from his shoulders ablaze with Tyrian purple – a gift that wealthy Dido had wrought, interweaving the web with thread of gold. At once he assails him: “Are you now laying the foundations of lofty Carthage, and building up a fair city, and all for a woman’s whim? Alas! With never a thought of your own realm and fate! The ruler of the gods himself, who sways heaven and earth with his power, sends me down to you from bright Olympus. He himself bids me bring this charge through the swift breezes: What are you planning? In what hope do you waste idle hours in Libyan lands? If the glory of such a fortune does not stir you, and for your own fame’s sake you do not shoulder the burden, have regard from growing Ascanius, the promise of Iulus your heir, to whom the kingdom of Italy and the Roman land are due.” Such words the Cyllenian spoke, and while yet speaking left the sight of men and far away from their eyes vanished into thin air.西风传令。

[中] 当他长着翅膀的脚到达小屋时，他看见埃涅阿斯正在建立塔楼，建造新房子。他的剑上镶着黄色的碧玉，他的肩膀上披着一件闪耀着泰尔紫光芒的斗篷——这是富有的狄多制作的礼物，用金丝交织在织品中。他立即向他发起质问：“你现在正在建立高耸的迦太基，建造一座美丽的城市，就为了一个女人的任性吗？唉！你从不考虑你自己的国家和命运！众神的统治者本人，以他的力量统治着天地，派我从天上的光明奥林匹斯山降临到你这里。他自己命令我通过飞速的微风带来这个命令：你在计划什么？在怎样的希望中你在利比亚的土地上浪费空闲的时间？如果如此荣耀的命运没有激发你，如果你不是为自己的名誉而肩负起重担，至少想想正在成长的阿斯卡尼乌斯——尤卢斯你的继承人的承诺——意大利的王国和罗马的土地是属于他的。“西连尼亚人这样说着，还在说话时就离开了人们的视线，从他们的眼中远去了，消失在薄雾中。”

[Notes]

Tyrian purple: 泰尔紫，腓尼基最珍贵的染料，象征着王权和财富。
jasper: 碧玉。埃涅阿斯佩剑上的装饰，显示他的王侯身份。
西风传令: 原文中文批注。墨丘利的降临是狄多悲剧的转折点。

§279 — Verse 279

[Eng] But in truth Aeneas, aghast at the sight, was struck dumb; his hair stood up in terror and the voice choked in his throat. He burns to flee away and quit that pleasant land, awed by that warning and divine commandment. Ah, what to do? With what speech now dare he approach the frenzied queen? What opening words choose first? And as he casts his swift mind this way and that, takes it in different directions and considers every possibility, this, as he wavered, seemed the better counsel; he calls Mnestheus and Sergestus, bidding them make ready the fleet in silence, gather the crews to the shore, and order the armament, but hide the cause of his altered plans. He meanwhile, since gracious Dido knows nothing, nor expects the breaking of so strong a love, will essay an approach and seek the happiest season for speech, the plan auspicious for his purpose. At once all gladly obey his command and do his bidding.

[中] 但事实上，埃涅阿斯对这景象感到震惊，吓得哑口无言；他的头发因恐惧而竖立，声音噎在了喉咙里。他急于逃离这片宜人的土地，被这个警告和神圣的命令所震慑。唉，该怎么办？现在他有什么话敢说，去接近那疯狂的女王？该选择什么样的开场白？当他迅速地在这边和那边思考，从不同的方向考虑，考虑每一种可能性时，当他犹豫不决时，这似乎是更好的建议；他叫来姆内修斯和塞尔盖斯特，命令他们安静地准备好船队，召集船员到岸边，命令武装，但要隐藏他计划改变的原因。与此同时，既然慈祥的狄多一无所知，也不指望如此强烈的爱情破裂，他将试探性地接近她，寻找最合适的时机说话，为他计划寻找吉兆。立刻，所有人都高兴地听从他的命令并执行他的旨意。

[Notes]

aghast: 震惊的。埃涅阿斯第一次真正感受到神的命令的重量。
Mnestheus / Sergestus: 埃涅阿斯的两名忠诚将领。

§296 — Verse 296

[Eng] But the queen – who may deceive a lover? – divined his guile, and early caught news of the coming stir, fearful even when all was safe. The same heartless Rumour brought her the maddening news that they are arming the fleet and making ready for sailing. Helpless in mind she rages, and all aflame raves through the city, like some Thyiadstartled by the shaken emblems, when she has heard the Bacchic cry: the biennialrevels fire her and at night Cithaeron summons her with its din. At length she thus accosts Aeneas first:

[中] 但女王——谁能欺骗一个爱人？——洞察了他的诡计，早早地捕捉到了即将到来的骚动的消息，即使在一切安全时依然恐惧。同样无情的流言带来了让她疯狂的消息——他们正在武装船队，准备启航。她在心中无助地愤怒，浑身燃烧着穿过城市发狂，就像某些酒神女祭司被摇动的圣物惊吓，当她听到酒神呐喊时：双年的祭祀点燃了她，夜晚喀泰戎山用喧闹召唤她。最终她这样对埃涅阿斯说：”

[Notes]

Rumour: 流言。这里指福玛（Fama），罗马神话中的谣言女神。在维吉尔笔下，她是一个由无数眼睛、舌头和耳朵组成的怪物。见典故#12和下一节。
Thyiad: 酒神女祭司（迈那得斯），在祭祀酒神狄俄尼索斯时进入疯狂状态。
Cithaeron: 喀泰戎山，酒神祭祀的地点。见词汇表。

§305 — Verse 305

[Eng] “’False one! Did you really hope to cloak so foul a crime, and to steal from my land in silence? Does neither our love restrain you, nor the pledge once given, nor the doom of a cruel death for Dido? Even in the winter season do you actually hasten to labour at your fleet, and to journey over the sea in the midst of northern gales, heartless one? What! If you were not in quest of alien lands and homes unknown, were ancient Troy yet standing, would Troy be sought by your ships over stormy seas? Is it from me you are fleeing? By these tears and your right hand, I pray you – since nothing else, alas, have I left myself – by the marriage that is ours, by the nuptial rites begun, if ever I deserved well of you, or if anything of mine has been sweet in your sight, pity a falling house, and if yet there be any room for prayers, put away, I pray, this purpose. Because of you the Libyan tribes and Numidian chiefs hate me, the Tyrians are my foes; because of you I have also lost my honour and that former fame by which alone I was winning a title to the stars. To whose mercy do you leave me on the point of death, guest – since that alone is left from the name of husband? Why do I linger? Is it till Pygmalion, my brother, overthrow this city, or the Gaetulian Iarbas lead me captive? At least, if before your flight a child of yours had been born to me, if in my hall a baby Aeneas were playing, whose face, in spite of all, would bring back yours, I should not think myself utterly vanquished and forlorn.”[Note the changes in Dido’s emotions.]

[中] “骗子！你真的以为能用如此卑劣的罪行来掩饰，悄无声息地从我的土地上偷跑吗？难道我们的爱情不能约束你，难道曾经的誓言不能约束你，难道狄多的残酷死亡的判决不能约束你？即使在冬天，你真的在忙于你的船队，在北风呼啸的季节穿越海洋，你这无情的人！什么！如果你不是在寻求异乡的土地和未知的家园，如果古老的特洛伊还存在，你的船队还会在暴风雨的海上寻找特洛伊吗？你是在逃避我吗？以这些眼泪和你的右手，我求你——既然我别无所有——以我们的婚姻，以已经开始的婚礼仪式，如果我曾经值得你善待，或者我的任何东西在你眼中曾是甜美的，可怜一个即将倒塌的家庭吧，如果还有祈祷的空间，请放下这个目的。因为你，利比亚部落和努米底亚首领恨我，提尔人是我的敌人；因为你，我也失去了我的荣誉和我曾经赢得星辰之名的名声。在死亡边缘，你把一个客人——从丈夫这个名字中唯一剩下的——托付给谁的怜悯？我为何拖延？是要等到皮格马利翁，我的兄弟，推翻这座城市，还是盖图利人亚尔巴斯把我俘虏？至少，如果在你的飞行之前有一个你的孩子出生在我这里，如果一个婴儿埃涅阿斯在我的厅堂里玩耍，他的脸无论如何都会把你的样子带回来，我就不会认为自己完全被打败和抛弃了。”

[Notes]

False one: “骗子”——狄多从恳求转为愤怒的第一声呐喊。
pledge: 誓言/信物。指狄多和埃涅阿斯在洞穴中的”婚礼”。
Pygmalion: 皮格马利翁，狄多的兄长，谋杀了西凯厄斯并篡位。见典故#2。
Note the changes in Dido’s emotions: 写作提示：注意狄多情绪的层层递进——从恳求、回忆、自怜到愤怒和绝望。

§331 — Verse 331

[Eng] She ceased: he by Jove’s command held his eyes steadfast and with a struggle smothered the pain deep within his heart. At last he briefly replies: “I will never deny, Queen, that you have deserved of me the utmost you can set forth in speech, nor shall my memory of Elissa be bitter, while I have memory of myself, and while breath governs these limbs. For my conduct few words will I say. I did not hope – think not that – to veil my flight in stealth. I never held out a bridegroom’s torch or entered such a compact. Had destiny permitted me to shape my life after my own pleasure and order my sorrows at my own will, my first care would be the city of Troy and the sweet relics of my king. Priam’s high house would still abide and my own hand would have set up a revived Pergamus for the vanquished. But now of great Italy has Grynean Apollo bidden me lay hold, of Italy the Lycian oracles. There is my love, there my country! If the towers of Carthage and the sight of Libyan city charm you, a Phoenician, why, pray, grudge the Trojans their settling on Ausonian land? We, too, have the right to seek a foreign realm. Each time the night with dewy shades veils the earth, each time the starry fires arise, in my dreams my father Anchises’ troubled ghost brings me warning and terror; the thought of young Ascanius comes to me and the wrong done to one so dear, whom I am cheating of a Hesperian kingdom and predestined lands. Now, too, the messenger of the gods sent from Jove himself – I swear by both our lives – has borne his command down through the swift breezes; my own eyes saw the god in the clear light of day come within our walls and these ears drank in his words. Cease to inflame yourself and me with your complaints. It is not by my wish that I make for Italy … ” 埃涅阿斯的长段自辩。

[中] 她停下了：他遵照朱庇特的命令，目光坚定，努力将心中的痛苦深深压抑。最后他简短地回答：“我永远不会否认，女王，您在言语上对我提出的要求我都当之无愧，只要我还记得自己，只要呼吸还在支配这些肢体，我对埃莉萨的记忆就不会苦涩。对于我的行为，我只说几句话。我并不希望——不要那样想——用隐秘来掩盖我的离去。我从未举起新郎的火把，也从未进入这样的契约。如果命运允许我按照自己的意愿塑造生活，按照自己的意愿安排悲伤，我首先关心的将是特洛伊城和我国王甜蜜遗物。普里阿莫斯的崇高房屋仍将存在，我自己的手将为战败者重建一个新的佩尔伽摩斯。但现在，格律涅的阿波罗命令我占据伟大的意大利，吕基亚的神谕也是如此。那里是我的爱，那里是我的祖国！如果迦太基的塔楼和利比亚城市的景象迷住了你，一个腓尼基人，请问，为什么不让特洛伊人在奥佐尼亚的土地上定居呢？我们也同样有权寻求外国的王国。每次夜晚用露水般的光影遮蔽大地，每次星星之火升起，在我的梦中，我父亲安基塞斯不安的鬼魂带来警告和恐惧；年轻的阿斯卡尼乌斯的念头来到我心中，对如此亲爱的一个人所做的亏欠——我正在欺骗他一个赫斯珀里亚的王国和命中注定的土地。现在，来自朱庇特本人的神的信使——我以我们两人的生命发誓——通过飞速的微风带来了他的命令；我自己的眼睛在白天清晰的光中看见神走进我们的城墙，我的耳朵喝进了他的话。不要再让你的抱怨点燃你自己和我了。我去意大利不是出于我的愿望……”

[Notes]

Elissa: 埃莉萨，狄多的别名。埃涅阿斯用这个更古老的名称称呼她，表示尊重。
compact: 契约/协议。埃涅阿斯否认两人之间存在任何正式的婚姻契约。
Grynean Apollo: 格律涅的阿波罗，小亚细亚的阿波罗神庙所在地，曾向埃涅阿斯发出前往意大利的神谕。
Anchises’ ghost: 安基塞斯的鬼魂。在第一卷中，安基塞斯在冥界向埃涅阿斯展示了罗马未来的景象。
Ascanius: 阿斯卡尼乌斯，埃涅阿斯之子，罗马尤利乌斯家族的始祖。
Hesperian: 赫斯珀里亚的，西方之地，指意大利。
埃涅阿斯的长段自辩: 原文中文批注。这是全卷最重要的辩论场景之一，展现了 duty（责任）vs. love（爱情）的核心冲突。

§362 — Verse 362

[Eng] As thus he spoke, all the while she gazes on him askance, turning her eyes to and fro, and with silent glances scans the whole man; then thus, inflamed, cries out: “False one, no goddess was your mother, nor was Dardanus the founder of your line, but rugged Caucasus on his flinty rocks begot you, and Hyrcanian tigresses suckled you. For why hide my feelings? For what greater wrongs do I hold myself back? Did he sigh while I wept? Did he turn on me a glance? Did he yield and shed tears or pity her who loved him? What shall I say first? What next? Now, neither mighty Juno nor the Saturnian sire looks on these things with righteous eyes! Nowhere is faith secure. I welcomed him, a castaway on the shore, a beggar, and madly gave him a share of my throne; his lost fleet I rescued, his crews I saved from death. Alas! I am whirled on the fires of frenzy. Now prophetic Apollo, now the Lycian oracles, now the messenger of the gods sent from Jove himself, brings through the air this dread command. Truly, this is work for gods, this is care to vex their peace! I detain you not; I dispute not your words. Go, make for Italy with the winds; seek your kingdom over the waves. Yet I trust, if the righteous gods have any power, that on the rocks midway you will drain the cup of vengeance and often call on Dido’s name. Though far away, I will chase you with murky brands and, when chill death has severed soul and body, everywhere my shade shall haunt you. Relentless one, you will repay! I shall hear, and the tale will reach me in the depths of the world below!” So saying, she breaks off her speech midway and flees in anguish from the light, turning away, tearing herself from his sight, and leaving him in fear and much hesitance, and ready to say much. Her maids support her, carry her swooning form to her marble bower, and lay her on her bed.

[中] 当她这样说话时，她斜着眼睛看着他，来回转动目光，用沉默的眼神打量着他整个人；然后，被激怒，喊道：“骗子，你的母亲不是女神，达耳达努斯也不是你家族的创始人，而是崎岖的高加索山在你花岗岩石上生下了你，希尔卡尼亚的母虎哺育了你。为什么要隐藏我的感受？为了什么更大的冤屈我克制着自己？当我哭泣时他叹息了吗？他转过目光看我了吗？他屈服并流泪或怜悯爱着他的我吗？我该先说什么？接下来说什么？现在，强大的朱诺和土星之父都没有用公正的眼睛看待这些事情！没有地方是安全的。我欢迎他，一个被抛在海岸上的流浪者，一个乞丐，疯狂地把我的王位分给他一半；我救了他失去的船队，我从死亡中救了他的船员。唉！我被疯狂的火焰卷走了。现在预言性的阿波罗，现在吕基亚的神谕，现在来自朱庇特本人的神的信使，通过空气带来这可怕的命令。真的，这是神的事业，这是扰乱他们和平的忧虑！我不扣留你；我不争辩你的话。去吧，乘着风前往意大利；越过波浪寻找你的王国。然而我相信，如果正义的神有任何力量，你将在中途的岩石上饮尽复仇之杯，经常呼唤狄多的名字。虽然遥远，我将用黑暗的火炬追赶你，当冰冷的死亡将灵魂和身体分开时，我的影子将无处不在地缠绕你。无情的人，你会偿还的！我会听到的，这个故事将到达冥界的深处！“说着，她中断了她的话语，在痛苦中逃离了光明，转过身去，从他的眼前撕裂自己，把他留在恐惧和许多犹豫中，准备说很多话。她的侍女们支撑着她，把她昏厥的身体带到她的大理石闺房，把她放在床上。

[Notes]

Caucasus / Hyrcanian tigresses: 高加索山和希尔卡尼亚母虎——狄多诅咒埃涅阿斯是野蛮的产物，而非文明人的后代。这是一种极端的侮辱。
Laomedon’s race: 拉俄墨冬的种族。拉俄墨冬是特洛伊前国王，曾欺骗阿波罗和波塞冬，导致特洛伊最终被毁。狄多在此暗示埃涅阿斯一族天生不忠。
cup of vengeance: 复仇之杯。狄多诅咒埃涅阿斯将来在意大利会经历无数苦难。这是布匿战争的预言——罗马和迦太基之间的世代仇恨。
shade shall haunt you: 我的影子将缠绕你。狄多死后将成为埃涅阿斯的幽灵（类似于克娄巴特拉死后安东尼的梦魇）。

§393 — Verse 393

[Eng] But loyal Aeneas, though longing to soothe and assuage her grief and by his words turn aside her sorrow, with many a sigh, his soul shaken by his mighty love, yet fulfils Heaven’s bidding and returns to the fleet.

[中] 但忠诚的埃涅阿斯，虽然渴望抚慰和减轻她的悲伤，用他的话转移她的痛苦，怀着无数的叹息，他的灵魂被他巨大的爱所震撼，却依然履行天上的旨意，回到了船队。

[Notes]

loyal Aeneas: “忠诚”——这里的忠诚是对天命（Heaven’s bidding）的忠诚，而非对狄多的忠诚。

Discussion: Questions: Why do you think Virgil chose to give us this glimpse into his hero’s heart? Do you think knowing how Aeneas acted against his own feelings makes him a greater or a lesser hero?

§416 — Verse 416

[Eng] “Anna, you see the bustle all along the shore; from all sides they have gathered; already the canvas invites the breeze, and the joyous sailors have crowned the stern with garlands. If I have had strength to foresee this great sorrow, I shall also, sister, have strength to endure it. Yet this one service, Anna, do for me – for you alone that traitor made his friend, to you he confided even his secret thoughts, you alone will know the hour for easy access to him – go, sister, and humbly address our haughty foe. I never conspired with the Danaans at Aulis to root out the Trojan race; I never sent a fleet to Pergamus, nor tore up the ashes and disturbed the spirit of his father Anchises. Why does he refuse to admit my words to his stubborn ears? Whither does he hasten? This, the last boon, let him grant his poor lover: let him await an easy flight and favouring winds. No more do I plead for the old marriage tie which he forswore, nor that he give up fair Latium and resign his realm: for empty time I ask, for peace and reprieve for my frenzy, till fortune teach my vanquished soul to grieve. This last grace I crave – pity your sister – which, when he has granted it, I will repay with full interest in my death.”

[中] 安娜，你看沿岸所有的忙碌；从四面八方他们聚集而来；帆布已经邀请微风，快乐的船员已经在船尾戴上花环。如果我有预见这巨大悲伤的力量，我也将有力量承受它。然而，安娜，为我做这一件事——只有你这个叛徒成了你的朋友，他向你甚至透露了他秘密的想法，只有你知道轻易接近他的时刻——去吧，妹妹，卑微地面对我们傲慢的对手。我从未在奥利斯与达奈人密谋消灭特洛伊种族；我从未派遣舰队到佩尔伽摩斯，也从未挖掘灰烬、打扰他父亲安基塞斯的灵魂。为什么他拒绝让我的话进入他固执的耳朵？他急匆匆去哪里？这个最后的恩惠，让他可怜的情人请求：让他等待轻松的飞行和有利之风。我不再为已被他放弃的旧婚姻纽带辩护，也不再要求他放弃美丽的拉提乌姆和放弃他的王国：我只为空虚的时间请求，为我的疯狂请求和平和暂缓，直到命运教会我被打败的灵魂去悲伤。这最后一个恩典我恳求——可怜你的妹妹——当他 granted 之后，我将在我的死亡中以全额利息回报你。”

[Notes]

Aulis: 奥利斯，希腊舰队出征特洛伊的集结地。狄多否认自己与特洛伊有任何仇怨。
Pergamus: 佩尔伽摩斯，特洛伊的另一个名字。
repay with full interest: 以全额利息回报。狄多用商业语言描述爱情——反映了她作为商人之国迦太基女王的双重身份。

§437 — Verse 437

[Eng] Such was her prayer and such the tearful pleas the unhappy sister bears again and again. But by no tearful pleas is he moved, nor in yielding mood does he pay heed to any words.Fate withstands and heaven seals his kindly, mortal ears. Even as when northern Alpine winds, blowing now hence, now thence, emulously strive to uproot an oak strong with the strength of years, there comes a roar, the trunk quivers and the high leafage thickly strews the ground, but the oak clings to the crag, and as far as it lifts its top to the airs of heaven, so far it strikes its roots down towards hell – even so with ceaseless appeals, from this side and from that, the hero is buffeted, and in his mighty heart feels agony: his mind stands steadfast; his tears fall without effect.

[中] 这就是不幸的妹妹一遍又一遍带来的祈祷和含泪的恳求。但没有任何含泪的恳求能打动他，他也不会以顺从的心情听取任何话语。命运抗拒，天堂封闭了他善良而凡人的耳朵。就像北风从阿尔卑斯山吹来，时而从此处、时而从彼处，竞相试图拔起一棵历经岁月沧桑的橡树——传来一阵轰鸣，树干颤抖，高高的树叶厚厚地铺满地面，但橡树紧抓着岩石，它越高地举起树冠朝向天堂的空气，它的根就扎得越深朝向地狱——即使如此，面对不断的呼吁，从这边和那边，英雄被猛烈冲击，在他强大的心中感到痛苦：他的心坚定不移；他的眼泪毫无作用。

[Notes]

Fate withstands and heaven seals: 命运抗拒，天堂封闭。这是全卷的核心主题——个人意志无法对抗天命（fatum）。
oak metaphor: 橡树的比喻：狂风可以摇晃它，但它扎根于岩石。埃涅阿斯的内心如同这棵橡树——外在痛苦但内在坚定。

§450 — Verse 450

[Eng] Then, indeed, awed by her doom, luckless Dido prays for death; she is weary of gazing on the arch of heaven. And to make her more surely fulfil her purpose and leave the light, she saw, as she laid her gifts on the altars ablaze with incense – fearful to tell – the holy water darken and the outpoured wine change into loathsome gore. Of this sight she spoke to no one – not even her sister. Moreover, there was in the palace a marble chapel to her former lord, which she cherished in wondrous honour, wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. Thence she heard, it seemed, sounds and speech as of her husband calling, whenever darkling night held the world; and alone on the housetops with ill-boding song the owl would oft complain, drawing out its lingering notes into a wail; and likewise many a saying of the seers of old terrifies her with fearful boding. In her sleep fierce Aeneas himself drives her in her frenzy; and ever she seems to be left lonely, ever ending, companionless, an endless way, and seeking her Tyrians in a land forlorn – even as raving Pentheus sees the Bacchants’ bands, and a double sun and two-fold Thebes rise to view; or as when Agamemnon’s son, Orestes, hounded by the Furies, flees from his mother, who is armed with brands and black serpents, while at the doorway crouch avenging Fiends. （杨译p139）

[中] 于是，确实，被她的命运所震慑，不幸的狄多祈求死亡；她厌倦了凝视天空的拱顶。为了更确定地实现她的目的并离开光明，她看到当她把礼物放在燃烧的香料的祭坛上——可怕的事情——圣水变黑了，倒出的酒变成了令人厌恶的血。她对此景象没有告诉任何人——甚至没有告诉她的姐妹。此外，宫殿里有一座她前任主人的大理石小教堂，她以非凡的敬意珍视它，用雪白的羊毛和节日的枝叶装饰它。从那里，她听到——似乎——她丈夫的声音和话语，每当黑暗的夜晚笼罩世界时；独自站在屋顶上，不祥的猫头鹰常常抱怨，将延长的音符拖成哀嚎；同样，许多古老先知的言论用可怕的预感恐吓她。在她沉睡中，凶猛的埃涅阿斯自己在她的疯狂中驱使她；她似乎总是被独自留下，永远结束，没有同伴，无尽的路上，在一个荒凉的土地上寻找她的提尔人——就像发疯的彭透斯看到酒神的队伍，双重的太阳和两倍底比斯出现在眼前；或者当阿伽门农的儿子俄瑞斯忒斯被复仇女神追逐，从他母亲身边逃跑，她拿着火把和黑蛇，而在门口蹲伏着复仇的恶魔。

[Notes]

holy water darken / wine change to gore: 圣水变黑、酒变血——这是狄多死亡预兆的第一个迹象，暗示不祥。
owl: 猫头鹰，罗马文化中的死亡预兆。
Pentheus: 彭透斯，底比斯国王，因拒绝承认酒神狄俄尼索斯而被母亲和姐妹撕碎。狄多在此将自己与这些疯狂的人物相比。
Orestes / Furies: 俄瑞斯忒斯被复仇女神追逐——为母报仇杀了母亲后遭到报应。狄多暗示埃涅阿斯将因抛弃她而受到永恒的折磨。
杨译p139: 参考杨周翰译本第139页。

§474 — Verse 474

[Eng] So when, outworn with anguish, she caught the madness and resolved to die, in her own heart she determines the time and manner, and accosts her sorrowful sister, with mien that veils her plan and on her brow a cloudless hope. “Sister mine, I have found a way – wish your sister joy – to return him to me or release me from my love for him. Near Ocean’s bound and the setting sun lies Ethiopia, farthest of lands, where mightiest Atlas on this shoulders turns the sphere, inset with gleaming stars. Thence a priestess of Massylian race has been shown me, warden of the fane of the Hesperides, who gave dainties to the dragon and guarded the sacred bows on the tree, sprinkling dewy honey and slumberous poppies. With her spells she professes to set free the hearts of whom she wills, but on others to bring cruel love pains; to stay the flow of rivers and turn back the stars; she awakes the ghosts of night; and you will see earth rumbling under your feet and ash trees coming down the mountains. I call heaven to witness and you, dear sister mine, and your dear life, that against my will I arm myself with magic arts! Secretly raise up a pyre in the inner court under the sky, and heap up on it’s the arms that heartless one left hanging in my bower, and all his attire and the bridal bed that was my undoing. I want to destroy all memorials of the abhorred wretch, and the priestess to directs.” Thus she speaks and is silent; pallor the while overspreads her face. Yet Anna thinks not that her sister veils her death under these strange rites; her mind dreams not of such frenzy nor does she fear anything worse than when Sychaeus died. So she makes ready as bidden …

[中] 所以当被痛苦耗尽、陷入疯狂并决心去死时，她自己在心中确定了时间和方式，以一种掩盖她的计划、眉头上没有乌云的希望的神情，对她悲伤的妹妹说：“我的妹妹，我找到了一条路——祝你妹妹好运——要么把他带回我身边，要么让我从对他的爱中解脱。靠近大洋的边界和落日之处是埃塞俄比亚，最远的土地，那里最强大的阿特拉斯用他的肩膀转动镶嵌着闪烁星星的天球。从那里，一位毛西里安族的祭司女——赫斯珀里得斯圣殿的看守人——向我展示，她喂龙吃美食，守护树上神圣的弓箭，撒上露水的蜂蜜和催眠的罂粟。她用咒语声称可以解放她愿意的人的心，但对其他人带来残酷的爱情痛苦；可以停止河流的流动并让星星倒退；她唤醒夜晚的鬼魂；你会看到大地在你的脚下震动，梣树从山上下来。我以上天和您，亲爱的妹妹，和您亲爱的生命作证，我是在不愿意的情况下使用魔法艺术的！在庭院的内心深处秘密堆起柴堆，在它上面堆上那个无情的人挂在我闺房中的武器，和他所有的服装和被毁了我的婚床。我想摧毁所有可憎的坏蛋的纪念品，祭司指引我这样做。“她这样说然后沉默；同时苍白笼罩了她的脸。然而安娜不认为她的妹妹在这些奇怪的仪式下隐藏着死亡；她的心灵不做这样的疯狂之梦，也不害怕比西凯厄斯死去时更坏的事情。所以她按照吩咐准备……”

[Notes]

Ethiopia / Atlas: 埃塞俄比亚和阿特拉斯——狄多编造的谎言，说她要去遥远的南方找一位能施法的祭司。
Hesperides: 赫斯珀里得斯，守护金苹果的仙女。狄多虚构了一个祭司的身份。
magic arts: 魔法。狄多声称自己不愿使用魔法，但随后她实际上是在为自己准备葬礼柴堆——这不是法术，而是自杀。
pyre: 柴堆。狄多表面上说要焚烧埃涅阿斯留下的物品，实际上是为自己建造火葬堆。

§505 — Verse 505

[Eng] But the queen, when in the heart of her home the pyre rose heavenward, piled high with pine logs and hewn ilex, hangs the place with garlands and crowns it with funeral boughs. On top, upon the couch, she lays the dress he wore, the sword he left, and an image of him, knowing what was to come. Round about stand altars, and with streaming hair the priestess calls in thunder tones on thrice a hundred gods, Erebos and Chaos, and threefold Hecate, triple-faced maiden Diana. Waters, too, she had sprinkled feigned to be from the spring of Avernus, and herbs were sought, cut by moonlight with brazen sickles, and juicy with milk of black venom; sought, too, was the love charm, torn from the brow of a colt at birth before the mother snatched it … She herself, with holy meal and holy hands, stood beside the altars, one for unsandalled and girdle loosened; soon to die, she calls on the gods and on the stars, witnesses of her doom; then she prays to whatever power, righteous and mindful, watches over lovers unequally allied.

[中] 但女王，当她家中的柴堆高高升起，堆满了松木和砍下的冬青，她用花环装饰这个地方，用丧葬的树枝覆盖它。在顶部，在沙发上，她放上了他穿过的衣服、他留下的剑和一个他的雕像，知道将要发生什么。周围站着祭坛，祭司披着散乱的头发用雷鸣般的声音三次呼唤一百个神灵——厄瑞玻斯和混沌，三重赫卡忒，三面处女戴安娜。她也撒上了假装来自阿韦恩泉水的水，草药在月光下用铜镰刀切割，充满了黑色毒液的乳汁；也被寻求从幼驹额头撕下的爱情符咒，在母亲抓到它之前……她自己，带着神圣的面粉和神圣的手，站在祭坛旁边，一个赤足和解开腰带的人；即将死去，她呼唤神灵和星星，她命运的见证；然后她祈祷给 whatever power，正义和记住的，监视不平等的恋人的力量。

[Notes]

ilex: 冬青。狄多用冬青木建造柴堆，暗指她即将自焚。
Hecate / Diana: 赫卡忒（魔法女神）和戴安娜（处女神）。狄多在祭坛上呼唤冥界神灵，暗示她即将走向死亡。
Avernus: 阿韦恩湖，通往冥界的入口。狄多用假装的阿韦恩湖水举行冥界仪式。
unsandalled and girdle loosened: 赤足和解开腰带——这是古代宗教中极度悲痛和准备献祭的姿态。

§522 — Verse 522

[Eng] It was night, and over the earth weary creatures were tasting the peace of slumber; the woods and wild seas had sunk to rest – the hour when stars roll midway in their gliding course, when all the land is still, and beasts and coloured birds, both those that far and near haut the limpid lakes, and those that dwell in the thorny thickets of the countryside, are couched in sleep beneath the silent night. They were soothing their cares, their hearts oblivious of sorrows. But not so the soul-racked Phoenician queen; she never sinks into sleep, nor draws darkness into eyes or heart. Her pangs redouble, and her love, swelling up, surges afresh, as she heaves with a mighty tide of passion. Thus then she begins, and thus alone revolves her thoughts in her heart: “See, what am I to do? Shall I once more make trial of my old wooers, only to be mocked, and shall I humbly sue for marriage with Numidians, whom I have scorned so often as husbands? Shall I then follow the Ilian ships and the Trojan’s uttermost commands? Is it because they are thankful for aid once given, and gratitude for past kindness stands firm in their mindful hearts? But who – suppose that I wished it – will suffer me, or take on so hated on those haughty ships? Ah! lost one, do you not yet understand nor perceive the treason of Laomedon’s race? What then? Shall I on my own accompany the exultant sailors in their flight? Or, surrounded by all my Tyrian band, shall I pursue, and shall I again drive seaward the men whom I could scarce tear from the Sidonian city, and bid them unfurl their sails to the winds? Nay, die as you deserve, and with the sword end your sorrow. Won over by my tears, you, my sister, you were the first to load my frenzied soul with these ills, and drive me on the foe. Ah, that I could not spend my life apart from wedlock, a blameless life, like some wild creature, and not know such cares! The faith vowed to the ashes of Sychaeus I have not kept.” Such were the cries that kept bursting from her heart.

[中] 那是夜晚，疲惫的生物在大地上品尝着和平的睡眠；森林和wild 海已经沉入休息——星星在他们滑行的轨道上滚动到中间的时辰，当所有土地都是安静的，野兽和彩色的鸟类，那些远近在清澈的湖泊上游荡的，以及那些住在乡村荆棘灌木丛中的，都在寂静的夜晚下蜷缩在睡眠中。他们在抚慰他们的忧虑，他们的心忘记了悲伤。但灵魂被折磨的腓尼基女王不同；她从未沉入睡眠，也没有将黑暗带入眼睛或心脏。她的痛苦加倍，她的爱膨胀，如潮水般翻涌，随着她情感的巨浪。于是她开始，如此独自在她的心中思考：“看，我该做什么？我将再次尝试我的老求婚者，只被嘲笑，我将卑微地向努米底亚人求婚——我曾经如此多次鄙视他们作为丈夫？那我就追随伊利昂的船队和特洛伊人的最高命令吗？是因为他们感谢过去的帮助，感恩在过去的好意中坚定地站在他们记住的心中？但是谁——假设我想要它——会容忍我，或者接受那些高傲船上如此被讨厌的人？唉！迷失的人，你还不知道也不理解拉俄墨冬种族的背叛吗？那又如何？我将独自伴随胜利的船员飞行吗？或者，被我所有的提尔人包围，我将追赶，我将再次把那些我几乎从西顿城撕裂的男人推向海边，命令他们向风展开帆？不，死得其所，用剑结束你的悲伤。被我的眼泪所感动，你，我的妹妹，你是第一个将我疯狂的心灵加载这些恶疾的人，并驱使我走向敌人。唉，我能否过一种远离婚姻的生活，像某种野生动物一样无罪的生活，不知道这样的忧虑！我对西凯厄斯的灰烬许下的信仰我没有保持。“这样的哭声不断从她的心中爆发……”

[Notes]

Phoenician queen: 腓尼基女王。狄多此刻完全意识到自己的困境——作为腓尼基公主，她已经被自己的民族和命运抛弃。
Laomedon’s race: 拉俄墨冬的种族。拉俄墨冬是特洛伊前国王，曾欺骗阿波罗和波塞冬。狄多在此暗示特洛伊人天生不可信任。
faith vowed to the ashes of Sychaeus: 对西凯厄斯灰烬的誓言。狄多回忆她对亡夫的忠诚誓言，谴责自己违背了它。

§554 — Verse 554

[Eng] But now that all was duly ordered, and now that he was resolved on going, Aeneas was snatching sleep on his vessel’s high stern. In his sleep there appeared to him a vision of the god, as he came again with the same aspect, and once more seemed to warn him thus, in all aspects like Mercury, in voice and colouring, in golden hair and the graceful limbs of youth: “Goddess-born, when such hazardthreatens, can you still slumber? Do you not see the perils that from henceforth hem you in, madman? Do you not hear the kindly breezes blowing? She, resolved on death, revolves in her heart fell craft and crime, and awakens the swirling surge of passion. Will you not flee hence in haste, while hasty flight is possible? Soon you will see the waters a welter of timbers, see fierce brands ablaze, and soon the shore flashing with flames, if dawn finds you lingering in these lands. Up then, break off delay! A fickle and changeful thing is woman ever.” So he spoke and melted into the black night.

[中] 但现在一切都安排妥当，现在他已经决定要走，埃涅阿斯在他的船的艉楼上打盹。在睡梦中，神的身影出现了，再次以同样的面貌出现，又一次似乎在这样警告他，在所有方面都像墨丘利，在声音和颜色上，在金发和青春的优雅肢体上：“女神所生的，当这样的危险威胁时，你还能沉睡吗？你没有看到从今以后围绕你的危险，疯子吗？你没有听到友好的微风在吹吗？她，决心于死亡，在她的心中酝酿着邪恶的技艺和罪行，唤醒了汹涌的热情浪潮。你不急于从这里逃跑，当匆忙的逃跑还可能时吗？很快你将看到水中一片木材的混乱，看到凶猛的火把燃烧，很快 shore 将被火焰闪烁，如果黎明发现你停留在这片土地上。起来，打破延迟！女人是反复无常和善变的生物。“于是他说了，融入了黑色的夜晚。

[Notes]

vision of the god: 神的幻象。墨丘利第二次出现，这次是在梦中。
A fickle and changeful thing is woman ever: “女人是反复无常和善变的生物。“——这是墨丘利对埃涅阿斯的最后一句劝告，也是维吉尔对狄多命运的总结。

§571 — Verse 571

[Eng] Thus indeed Aeneas, scared by the sudden vision, tears himself from sleep and bestirs his comrades. “Make haste, my men, awake and man the benches! Unfurl the sails with speed! A god sent from high heaven again spurs us to hasten our flight and cut the twisted cables. We follow you, holy among gods, whoever you are, and again joyfully obey your command. Oh, be with us, give your gracious aid, and in the sky vouchsafe kindly stars!” He spoke, and from its sheath snatches his flashing sword and strikes the hawser with the drawn blade. The same zeal catches all at once; with hurry and scurry they have quitted the shore; the sea is hidden under their fleets; lustily they churn the foam and sweep the blue waters.

[中] 于是，确实，埃涅阿斯被突如其来的幻象吓到，从睡眠中撕裂自己并激励他的同伴。“快点，我的兄弟们，醒来，登上划桨！迅速展开帆！一个从高天堂送来的神再次催促我们加快飞行，切断扭曲的缆绳。我们跟随你，神圣的神灵中最为神圣的一位，无论你是谁，再次愉快地服从你的命令。哦，与我们同在，给予你仁慈的帮助，在天空中赐予善良的星星！“他说了，从鞘中抽出他闪光的剑，用刀锋砍断了缆绳。同样的热情一下子抓住了所有人；匆忙和匆忙中他们离开了岸边；大海被他们的舰队隐藏；他们有力地搅动着泡沫，扫过蓝色的水域。

[Notes]

snatches his flashing sword and strikes the hawser: 抽出闪光的剑砍断缆绳——这个动作象征性地表达了埃涅阿斯决心斩断与狄多的联系。

§584 — Verse 584

[Eng] And now early Dawn, leaving the saffron bed of Tithonus, was sprinkling her fresh rays upon the earth. Soon as the queen from her watchtower saw the light whiten and the fleet move on with even sails, and knew the shores and harbours were void of oarsmen, thrice and four times she struck her comely breast with her hand, and tearing her golden hair, “O God,” she cries, “shall he go? Shall the intruder have made of our realm a laughingstock? Will pursuers not fetch arms and give chase from all the city, and some of them speed ships from the docks? Go, haste to bring fire, serve arms, ply oars! What say I? Where am I? What madness turns my brain? Unhappy Dido, do only now your sinful deeds come home to you? Then was the time, when you gave your crown away. Behold the pledge and promise of him who, so they say, carries with him his ancestral gods and bore his worn-out father on his shoulders! Could I not have seized him, torn him limb from limb, and scattered the pieces on the waves? Could I not have put his men to the sword, and Ascanius himself, and served him up as a meal at his father’s table? But perhaps the issue of battle had been doubtful? Suppose it had been: doomed to death, whom had I to fear? I should have carried fire to his camp, filled his decks with flame, blotted out father and son together with the whole race, and immolated myself on top of all. O Sun, whose rays survey all that is done on earth; and Juno, agent and witness of unhappy love; Hecate，whose name is wailed by night in city streets; and Avenging Furies and gods of dying Elissa: hear me now; turn your anger upon the sins that merit it, and listen to my prayers! If that accursed wretch must needs reach harbour and come to shore, if Jove’s ordinances so demand and this is the outcome fixed: yet even so, harassed in war by the arms of a fearless nation, expelled from his territory and torn from Iulus’ embrace, let him plead for aid and see his friends cruelly slaughtered! Nor yet, when he has submitted to the terms of an unjust peace, may he enjoy his kingship or the life he longs for, but perish before his time and lie unburied on a lonely strand! This is my prayer; this last utterance I pour out with my blood. Then do you, Tyrians, persecute with hate his stock and all the race to come, and to my dust offer this tribute! Let no lover or treaty unite the nations! Arise from my ashes, unknown avenger, to harass the Trojan settlers with fire and sword – today, hereafter, whenever strength be ours! May coast with coast conflict, I pray, and sea with sea, arms with arms; war may they have, themselves and their children’s children!”

[中] 现在，早期的黎明，离开了提托诺斯的藏红花床，正将她的新鲜光线洒在大地上。很快，女王从瞭望塔上看到光线变白，舰队以平稳的帆移动，知道岸边和港口没有划桨手，三次四次她用拳头击打她美丽的胸部，撕扯着她的金色头发，“哦，上帝，“她喊道，“他要走了吗？入侵者将使我们的王国成为笑柄吗？追兵不会从全城取武器并追赶，有些从码头加速船只吗？去吧，赶快带来火，服务武器，划桨！我在说什么？我在哪里？什么疯狂转了我的头脑？不幸的狄多，只有现在你的罪恶行为回到家了吗？那时是你把皇冠送出去的时候。看他的承诺和保证——据说他带着他的祖神，用肩膀扛着他疲惫的父亲！我不能抓住他，撕碎他的四肢，把碎片撒在波浪上吗？我不能把他的船员杀光，包括阿斯卡尼乌斯本人，把他作为他父亲桌上的一餐吗？但也许战斗的结果可能是可疑的？假设它是：注定死亡，我怕谁？我应该把火带到他的营地，用火焰填满他的甲板，一起抹去父亲和儿子以及整个种族，并在一切之上牺牲我自己。哦，太阳，你的光线调查地球上所做的一切；和朱诺，不幸爱情的代理人和见证；赫卡忒，你的名字在城市街道中被夜间哀嚎；和复仇女神和垂死的埃莉萨的神：现在听我；把你的愤怒转向值得它的那些罪，倾听我的祈祷！如果那个被诅咒的坏蛋必须到达港口并上岸，如果朱庇特的法令如此要求和这个结果是固定的：即便如此，被一个无畏的国家的武器骚扰，被驱逐出他的领土，从尤卢斯的拥抱中被撕裂，让他祈求援助，看到他朋友被残忍地屠杀！即使当他提交不公平和平的条件时，他也不能享受他的王国或他渴望的生活，但在他的时间之前死去，躺在孤独的沙滩上没有埋葬！这是我的祈祷。这是我用我的血倒出的最后话语。然后你们，提尔人，用仇恨迫害他的种族和所有即将到来的种族，给我的骨灰献上这个贡品！不要让任何爱人或条约联合这些民族！从我灰烬中升起，未知的复仇者，用火和剑骚扰特洛伊定居者——今天，此后，无论何时我们有力量！愿海岸与海岸冲突，海与海，武器与武器；愿他们有战争，自己和他们的子孙后代！”

[Notes]

Tithonus: 提托诺斯，黎明女神厄俄斯之夫。”提托诺斯的藏红花床”是黎明到来的诗意表达。
ancestral gods: 祖神。埃涅阿斯携带的特洛伊守护神（Penates），象征他肩负着民族的未来。
Iulus: 尤卢斯，阿斯卡尼乌斯的另一个名字。
Hecate: 赫卡忒，狄多在诅咒中呼唤的冥界神灵之一。
Elissa: 埃莉萨，狄多的别名。
curse / prophesy: 诅咒和预言。狄多的诅咒预示了后来的布匿战争——汉尼拔将率军进攻意大利。

§630 — Verse 630

[Eng] With this curse she turned her mind in every direction, seeking how most quickly to end the life she loathed. Then briefly she addressed Barce, the nurse of Sychaeus, for the pyre’s black ashes held her own back in her country of long ago. “Dear nurse, bring my sister Anna here. Bid her hasten to sprinkle her body with river water and bring with her the victims and offerings ordained for atonement. This done, let her come; and veil your brows, too, with a pure chaplet. I am minded to fulfil the rites of Stygian Jove that I have duly ordered and begun, to put an end to my owes, and give over to the flames the pyre of that Dardan wretch.” She spoke; the nurse hastened her steps with an old woman’s zeal. But Dido, trembling and frantic with her dreadful design, rolling bloodshot eyes, her quivering cheeks flecked with burning spots, and pale at the imminence of death, bursts into the inner courts of the house, climbs the high pyre in a frenzy and unsheathes the Dardan sword, a gift south for no such purpose. Then, as she saw the Trojangarb and the familiar bed, pausing awhile in tearful thought, she threw herself on the couch and spoke her last words: “O relics once dear, while God and Fate allowed, take my spirit, and release me from my woes! My life is done and I have finished the course that Fortune gave; and now in majesty my shade shall pass beneath the earth. A noble city I have built; my own walls I have seen; avenging my husband, I have exacted punishment from my brother and foe– happy, too happy, had but the Dardan keels never touched our shores!” She spoke, and burying her face in the couch, “I shall die unavenged,” she cries, “but let me die! Thus, I go gladly into the dark! Let the cruel Dardan’s eyes drink in this fire from the deep, and carry with him the omen of my death!”

[中] 带着这个诅咒，她将思想转向各个方向，寻找如何最快地结束她厌恶的生命。然后简短地对西凯厄斯的保姆巴尔塞说，因为柴堆的黑色灰烬在她长久的祖国 held her own back。“亲爱的保姆，带来我的妹妹安娜。告诉她尽快用河水洒在她的身上，带来为她准备的牺牲和赎罪的供品。这之后，让她来；也用纯净的花环遮住你的眉毛。我打算完成我已适当安排和开始的斯堤克斯朱庇特的仪式，结束我的痛苦，把那个达耳达努斯坏蛋的柴堆交给火焰。“她说了；保姆以老妇人的热情加快了脚步。但狄多，颤抖着，对她可怕的设计疯狂，滚动充血的眼睛，她颤抖的脸颊上布满了燃烧的斑点，在死亡的迫近前苍白，冲进房子的内庭，在疯狂中爬上高高的柴堆，拔出达耳达努斯的剑——这把剑不是为了这个目的而给的。然后，当她看到特洛伊的衣物和熟悉的床，在含泪的思想中稍作停顿，她扑倒在沙发上说了最后的话：“哦，曾经亲爱的遗物，当上帝和命运允许时，带走我的灵魂，从我的痛苦中释放我！我的生命完成了，我已经走完了命运给予的路程；现在在庄严中我的影子将穿过地下。我建立了一座高贵的城市；我看见了自己的城墙；为我丈夫报了仇，我从我的敌人兄弟那里得到了惩罚——幸福，太幸福了，如果达耳达努斯的船队从未触及我们的海岸！“她说了，把脸埋在沙发上，“我将不死报仇而死，“她喊道，“但让我死！就这样，我愉快地进入黑暗！让残酷的达耳达努斯的眼睛从深处喝下这火，并带着我死亡的预兆！”

[Notes]

Barce: 巴尔塞，西凯厄斯的保姆。
Stygian Jove: 斯堤克斯的朱庇特，冥界的朱庇特。
Dardan sword: 达耳达努斯的剑。这把剑是埃涅阿斯送给狄多的礼物，现在被她用来结束自己的生命——极具讽刺意味。
relics once dear: 曾经亲爱的遗物。指埃涅阿斯留下的衣物和床。

§663 — Verse 663

[Eng] She ceased; and even as she spoke her handmaids see her fallen on the sword, the bladereeking with blood and her hands bespattered. A scream rises to the lofty roof; Rumour riots through the stricken city. The palace rings with lamentation, with sobbing and women’s shrieks, and heaven echoes with loud wails – as though all Carthage or ancient Tyre were falling before the inrushing foe, and fierce flames were rolling on over the roofs of men, over the roofs of gods.

[中] 她停了；就在她说话的时候，她的手下看到她倒在剑上，剑冒着血，她的手被溅满。一声尖叫上升到高高的屋顶；流言在被打击的城市中狂欢。宫殿回响着哀悼，啜泣和女人的尖叫，天堂回响着大声的哀嚎——就好像整个迦太基或古老的提尔都在涌入的敌人面前倒下，猛烈的火焰在人们的屋顶上、在神的屋顶上翻滚而过。

[Notes]

Rumour riots: 流言狂欢。同一段落再次出现福玛（Fama）的形象——谣言在城中传播。

§672 — Verse 672

[Eng] Swooning, her sister heard, and in dismay rushed through the throng, tearing her face with her nails, and beating her breast with her fists, as she called on the dying woman by name. “Was this your purpose, sister? Did you aim your fraud at me? Was this for me the meaning of your pyre, this the meaning of your altar and fires? Forlorn, what shall I first lament? Did you scorn in death your sister’s company? You should have summoned me to share your fate; the same sword stroke, the same moment would have taken us both! Did these hands indeed build the pyre, and did my voice call on our father’s gods, in order that, when you were lying thus, I, cruel one, should be far away? You have destroyed yourself and me together, sister, the Sidonian senate and people, and your city! Bring me water to bathe her wounds and catch with my lips whatever last breath may linger!” Thus speaking, she had climbed the high steps, and, throwing her arms round her dying sister, sobbed and clasped her to her bosom, stanching with her dress the dark streams of blood. She, trying to lift her heavy eyes, swoons again, and the deep-set wound gurgles in her breast. Thrice rising, she struggles to prop herself on her elbow, thrice the bed rolled back, with wandering eyes sought high heaven’s light, and when she found it, moaned.

[中] 昏厥中，她的妹妹听到了，惊慌失措地穿过人群，用指甲撕裂她的脸，用拳头捶打她的胸部，同时以名字呼唤着那个垂死的女人。“这就是你的目的，妹妹吗？你的欺诈是针对我的吗？这就是你柴堆的意义，这就是你的祭坛和火的含义吗？孤零零的，我该首先哀悼什么？你在死亡中鄙视了你妹妹的陪伴吗？你应该叫我来分享你的命运；同样的剑刺，同一时刻会带走我们两个！真的是这双手建造了柴堆，真的是我的声音呼唤了我们父亲的众神，是为了在你躺在那里时，我，残忍的人，应该远远地离开吗？你毁了自己和我一起，妹妹，西顿的元老院和人民，和你的城市！给我水来清洗她的伤口，用我的嘴唇捕捉任何残留的最后气息！“这样说着，她已经爬上了高高的台阶，把她的手臂围绕着她垂死的妹妹，抽泣着把她搂在她的胸口，用她的衣服止住黑暗的血流。她，试图抬起沉重的眼睛，再次昏厥，深深的伤口在她的胸前咕噜。三次起身，她挣扎着用肘部支撑自己，三次床滚回，游移的眼睛寻求高高的天堂的光，当她找到它时，呻吟。

[Notes]

Anna’s grief: 安娜的悲痛。她的哀叹——“真的是这双手建造了柴堆”——揭示了她无意中参与了姐姐的死亡。
deep-set wound gurgles: 深深的伤口咕噜作响——维吉尔用极其写实的手法描写狄多濒死的身体反应。

§693 — Verse 693

[Eng] Then almighty Juno, pitying her long agony and painful dying, sent Iris down from heaven to release her struggling soul from the prison of her flesh. For since she perished neither in the course of fate nor by a death she had earned, but wretchedly before her day, in the heat of sudden frenzy, not yet had Propserpine taken from head the golden lock and consigned her to the Stygian underworld. So Iris on dewy saffron wings flits down through the sky, trailing athwart the sun a thousand shifting tints, and halted above her head. “This offering, sacred to Dis, I take as bidden, and from your body set you free”: so she speaks and with her hand severs the lock; and therewith all the warmth passed away, and the life vanished into the winds.

[中] 于是，万能的朱诺，怜悯她漫长的痛苦和痛苦的死亡，从天堂派伊里斯下来，将她挣扎的灵魂从肉体的监狱中释放。因为她既不是按照命运的道路死去，也不是因为她所获得的死亡而死，而是在突然疯狂的激情中悲惨地过早死去，普罗瑟萍还没有从她的头上取下金发，将她送到斯堤克斯的地下。所以伊里斯带着露珠般的藏红花翅膀从天空飞来，在阳光下拖着一千种变幻的色彩，停在她头顶上方。“这个献给狄斯的供品，我照命取走，从你的身体释放你：“她说着，用手割下了那缕头发；随之温暖消失了，生命消散在风中。

[Notes]

Iris: 伊里斯，彩虹女神。在神话中，她通常作为赫拉的使者出现。在这里，朱诺派她来终结狄多的痛苦——但这也暗示狄多的死亡并未得到正统的神明认可（她不是按命运而死）。
golden lock: 金发。古罗马习俗中，死者入葬前要剪下一缕头发献给冥界之神。
Dis: 狄斯，冥王普鲁托。
warmth passed away / life vanished into the winds: 温暖消失，生命消散在风中——维吉尔用极其诗意的语言描写死亡瞬间。

后记：《埃涅阿斯纪》第四卷的主题与结构

主题

Duty vs. Love（责任与爱情）：全卷的核心冲突。埃涅阿斯代表的 pietas（对神明、祖国、家族的责任）与狄多代表的 amor（爱情/激情）形成对立。维吉尔同情狄多，但最终还是让天命胜出。
Fatum / Fate（天命）：朱庇特是命运的执行者，墨丘利是命运的使者。个人意志无法对抗天命——埃涅阿斯再爱狄多，也不能改变他建立罗马的使命。
Female Passion vs. Male Reason（女性激情 vs. 男性理性）：狄多被描绘为完全被激情吞噬的女性形象，而埃涅阿斯则代表理性的克制。但维吉尔的同情明显偏向狄多——她的人性比埃涅阿斯的”完美英雄形象”更真实。
Political Foreshadowing（政治预示）：狄多的诅咒预示了后来的布匿战争（罗马与迦太基的世代仇恨），以及汉尼拔的入侵。

结构

第1-143行：狄多陷入爱情，安娜的劝说
第144-275行：朱诺与维纳斯合谋，暴风雨中的洞穴”婚礼”
第276-383行：流言传播，亚尔巴斯的抱怨
第384-505行：朱庇特派墨丘利，埃涅阿斯被迫决定离开
第506-650行：狄多与埃涅阿斯的对峙，狄多的诅咒
第651-705行：狄多建造柴堆，自焚殉情
第706-758行：安娜的悲痛，伊里斯释放狄多的灵魂

文学影响

第四卷对后世文学影响极深：

但丁《神曲》将狄多放在地狱第二层（淫欲者）
乔叟《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》引用狄多故事
蒙特威尔第歌剧《多利卡》和比才歌剧《卡门》都受到狄多悲剧的启发
狄多故事成为西方文学中”被抛弃的女主角”原型的源头之一

Mens animi caelum sibi facit ex dolore

（心灵从痛苦中为自己创造天堂——塞内卡）

维吉尔以狄多的鲜血写下了最动人的诗篇，而她用同样的鲜血毁灭了自己。